Abstract: The Abdaltai rubidium (Rb) and other rare metal deposit is a newly discovered volcanic-hosted polymetallic deposit in Naomugeng area of Siziwang Qi, central Inner Mongolia, primarily occurred within the continental acidic volcanic rocks of Upper Jurassic Bayingaolao Formation, with the orebodies distributed consistent with the rhyolite porphyry in the formation. The Rb content shows a strong correlation with the intensity of albitization and kaolinization, and the rhyolite porphyry exhibits whole-rock Rb mineralization. The area is among the few Rb ore exploration bases with promising prospects in Inner Mongolia. Based on the regional and orefield geological settings, geological characteristics of the deposit, ore quality and major-trace-REE geochemistry, combined with the recent exploration results of Abdaltai Rb deposit, it is inferred that the genesis of deposit is closely related to volcanic rocks.